However, existing research highlights the significant impact of exercise-based interventions on improving quality of life27,39,40,41,42,43. This integrated exercise plan is a relatively new concept in the literature, with limited direct evidence supporting its effectiveness. The experimental group was subjected to an integrated exercise protocol (within the physiotherapy department) of 50 min on alternative days, totaling three weekly sessions for 16 weeks under the close supervision of the principal investigator. The participants were asked to report at the Aadil Hospital, where they underwent initial screening and blood profiling by a gynecologist. Of the total 120 potential participants, each was given an equal chance of being chosen as study participants using random table generators.
Two authors (G.L. and Q.T.) independently searched for and screened studies according to predetermined criteria during the month of April, and duplicate articles were removed using EndNote 20. This insight is crucial for the formulation of personalized exercise regimens and evidence-based nutritional intervention strategies. Consequently, regulatory bodies like the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) categorically forbid the utilization of testosterone and its derivatives to uphold the integrity of athletes and ensure participant safety. The usage of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including illegal testosterone analogues, is linked to significant cardiometabolic consequences, neuropsychiatric problems, and elevated mortality rates (Horwitz, Andersen & Dalhoff, 2019; Smoliga, Wilber & Robinson, 2023). Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) clinically manifests with several detrimental effects, including as erectile dysfunction, reduced sperm motility, and heightened cardiovascular morbidity and overall mortality (Halpern & Brannigan, 2019; Yeap et al., 2024).
The variation in hormonal response unique to exercise types indicates that the immediate effects of different exercise type on the HPG axis, along with the outcomes of chronic adaptation, must be integrated when formulating training regimens. Testosterone recovery post-aerobic exercise is notably swift, typically reverting to baseline levels within 1 h (Hackney, Premo & McMurray, 1995), likely due to its comparatively low metabolic strain, prompt reestablishment of energy substrates, and the ephemeral nature of oxidative stress (Ammar et al., 2020). Various exercise type exhibit considerable variability in the modulation of testosterone levels, which may arise from the interplay between activity-specific physiological stress and endocrine feedback systems. The recuperation process may be affected by several aspects, including exercise intensity, exercise kind, duration, the individual’s physiological status, and the source (saliva/blood) and baseline amount of testosterone. This study comprised 16 RCTs, encompassing a total sample size of 267 participants (189 males (70.8%) and 78 females (29.2%)). Subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted to delineate suitable exercise regimens for modulating testosterone levels in specific populations. Significantly, as a crucial androgen and anabolic hormone, blood testosterone is integral to the regulation of numerous physiological functions and metabolic processes, including lipolysis, body fat distribution, muscle protein synthesis, bone metabolism, erythropoiesis, and immune regulation.
It is therefore the challenge of competition among males that facilitates aggression and violence. The first is the challenge hypothesis which states that testosterone would increase during puberty, thus facilitating reproductive and competitive behavior which would include aggression. Nearly all studies of juvenile delinquency and testosterone are not significant. On the other hand, elevated testosterone in men may increase their generosity, primarily to attract a potential mate. Testosterone may be a treatment for postmenopausal women as long as they are effectively estrogenized. There is no FDA-approved androgen preparation for the treatment of androgen insufficiency; however, it has been used as an off-label use to treat low libido and sexual dysfunction in older women. Testosterone may prove to be an effective treatment in female sexual arousal disorders, and is available as a dermal patch.
Resistance exercise has been shown to induce acute increases in testosterone levels in both sexes, potentially contributing to improved musculoskeletal adaptations over time46. Although women have lower testosterone concentrations, this hormone remains critical for various physiological functions, including muscle development, bone density maintenance, and overall metabolic health50(Clark et al., 2018). Testosterone levels in healthy adult males and females differ significantly. The testosterone levels in the blood serum were checked through a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay technique (Abbott-Alinity Ci) within 30 min of exercise and 24 h after exercise.
Strength training, weight lifting, and other resistance-type workouts are ideal for increasing testosterone. That said, someone who rarely exercises would experience a slightly higher percentage of increased testosterone after a workout, but that’s because they’re starting from a lower point, Dr. Shah explains. Read on for more about how working out increases testosterone, as well as the types of workouts that deliver the biggest benefits for T levels. And you may have also heard that levels of this hormone decline with age in people assigned male at birth, with an average dip of about 1 percent every year after age 40, according to Mayo Clinic.
Testosterone is also synthesized in far smaller total quantities in women by the adrenal glands, thecal cells of the ovaries, and, during pregnancy, by the placenta. In the final and rate limiting step, the C17 keto group androstenedione is reduced by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to yield testosterone. In contrast to testosterone, DHEA and DHEA sulfate have been found to act as high-affinity agonists of these receptors. The bones and the brain are two important tissues in humans where the primary effect of testosterone is by way of aromatization to estradiol.
Similarly, Lane et al.14 observed acute testosterone elevations in response to physical activity in women, suggesting that this transient increase may be linked to physiological adaptations enhancing performance and recovery. In contrast, premenopausal women typically exhibit total testosterone levels ranging from 15 to 46 ng/dL49. In males aged 19 to 39 years, the harmonized normal range of total testosterone is 264 to 916 ng/dL47, with age-specific median levels ranging from 409 to 478 ng/dL in those aged 20 to 44 years48. Adult males typically produce approximately ten times more testosterone than females45. To ensure the diversity of our study population, we enrolled females of various ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, and professions. Snowball sampling was used to reach the potential study participants, as researchers had contact with a few females who fulfilled the criteria. In males, testosterone is integral to the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair growth and deepening of the voice, as well as supporting reproductive function.
This decline is natural, but certain lifestyle habits can help keep testosterone levels in as healthy a range as possible as you age—and working out is one way to give yourself a boost. Resistance exercise-induced increases in putative anabolic hormones do not enhance muscle protein synthesis or intracellular signalling in young men. & Phillips, S. M. Associations of exercise-induced hormone profiles and gains in strength and hypertrophy in a large cohort after weight training. Neither load nor systemic hormones determine resistance training-mediated hypertrophy or strength gains in resistance-trained young men. Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans.

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